/* ============================================================
   PEIYINGUEE.COM
   Restraint, not wit. Serif type, real air, almost no colour,
   and the photograph given room. Every colour pair below was
   calculated, not estimated.
   ============================================================ */
:root{
  --paper:#FAF8F5;
  --paper-2:#F2EFE9;
  --ink:#1C1B19;      /* 16.24:1 */
  --ink-2:#55524C;    /*  7.34:1 */
  --ink-3:#6D6A63;    /*  5.09:1 */
  --rule:#E4E0D8;
  --accent:#755C36;   /*  5.93:1 */

  --serif:"Newsreader",Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;
  --sans:"Public Sans",system-ui,-apple-system,sans-serif;

  --gut:clamp(24px,6vw,80px);
  --page:1180px;
  --measure:38rem;
}
*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}
html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-behavior:smooth}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}
body{
  margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);
  font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.72;font-weight:400;
  font-variation-settings:"opsz" 16;
  -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;
}
img{max-width:100%;display:block}
h1,h2,h3{margin:0;font-weight:400}
p{margin:0}
ul,ol{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}
a{color:inherit}
.page{max-width:var(--page);margin-inline:auto;padding-inline:var(--gut)}
.measure{max-width:var(--measure)}

/* --- small caps furniture, used sparingly --- */
.eyebrow{
  font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:500;font-size:.75rem;
  letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-3);
}
:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:4px}
.skip{position:absolute;left:-9999px;top:0;z-index:99;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.875rem;padding:14px 20px;text-decoration:none}
.skip:focus{left:16px;top:16px}

/* ============================================================
   MASTHEAD
   ============================================================ */
.masthead{padding-block:clamp(28px,4vw,44px)}
.masthead__in{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px 40px;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between}
.wordmark{
  font-family:var(--serif);font-variation-settings:"opsz" 32;
  font-weight:400;font-size:1.375rem;letter-spacing:.005em;text-decoration:none;
}
.nav{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0 30px}
.nav a{
  font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.875rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.01em;
  color:var(--ink-2);text-decoration:none;padding-block:4px;
  border-bottom:1px solid transparent;transition:color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease;
}
.nav a:hover{color:var(--ink);border-bottom-color:var(--ink)}
.nav a[aria-current]{color:var(--ink);border-bottom-color:var(--ink)}

/* ============================================================
   OPENING
   ============================================================ */
.opening{padding-block:clamp(40px,6vw,88px) clamp(64px,10vw,152px)}
.opening__grid{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.15fr) minmax(0,.85fr);
  gap:clamp(40px,7vw,110px);align-items:center;
}
h1{
  font-family:var(--serif);font-variation-settings:"opsz" 72;
  font-weight:300;
  font-size:clamp(2.5rem,1.4rem + 4.3vw,4.375rem);
  line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:-.021em;
}
h1 em{font-style:italic;font-weight:300}
.opening__lede{
  margin-top:clamp(24px,3vw,36px);font-size:clamp(1.125rem,1.05rem + .4vw,1.3125rem);
  line-height:1.62;color:var(--ink-2);max-width:34rem;
}
.opening__act{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px 28px;align-items:center;margin-top:clamp(28px,3.6vw,44px)}
.btn{
  display:inline-block;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;
  letter-spacing:.02em;text-decoration:none;padding:15px 30px;
  background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--ink);
  transition:background-color .18s ease,color .18s ease;
}
.btn:hover{background:transparent;color:var(--ink)}
.textlink{
  font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.875rem;color:var(--ink-2);text-decoration:none;
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding-bottom:2px;
  transition:color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease;
}
.textlink:hover{color:var(--ink);border-bottom-color:var(--ink)}

.portrait{margin:0}
/* height:auto is load-bearing. Without it the HTML height attribute wins as a
   presentational hint, both axes become definite, and aspect-ratio is ignored. */
.portrait img{width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:1/1;object-fit:cover}
.portrait figcaption{
  margin-top:16px;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.8125rem;
  line-height:1.6;color:var(--ink-3);max-width:26rem;
}

/* ============================================================
   SECTION RHYTHM
   ============================================================ */
.band{padding-block:clamp(56px,9vw,140px)}
.band--tint{background:var(--paper-2)}
.band__head{max-width:34rem;margin-bottom:clamp(36px,5vw,64px)}

/* The page grid. One column for the heading, one for the substance, so the
   right-hand side carries content instead of sitting empty. */
.split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,20rem) minmax(0,1fr);gap:clamp(28px,4.6vw,80px)}
.split h2{font-size:clamp(1.625rem,1.2rem + 1.4vw,2.25rem);line-height:1.16}
.split > .band__head{margin-bottom:0;max-width:none;position:sticky;top:clamp(28px,4vw,56px);align-self:start}
@media(max-width:900px){
  .split{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:clamp(24px,4vw,36px)}
  .split > .band__head{position:static}
}
h2{
  font-family:var(--serif);font-variation-settings:"opsz" 44;
  font-weight:300;font-size:clamp(1.875rem,1.3rem + 2.2vw,3rem);
  line-height:1.14;letter-spacing:-.018em;
}
h2 em{font-style:italic;font-weight:300}
.band__head .eyebrow{display:block;margin-bottom:18px}
.band__head p{margin-top:20px;color:var(--ink-2);font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.68}

/* Section weights, deliberately unequal. */
#premise{padding-block:clamp(56px,9vw,132px)}
#stuck{padding-block:clamp(48px,7vw,104px)}
#ways{padding-block:clamp(56px,9vw,136px)}
#insights{padding-block:clamp(48px,7vw,100px)}
#about{padding-block:clamp(56px,9vw,132px)}
#questions{padding-block:clamp(52px,8vw,116px)}
#letter{padding-block:clamp(44px,6vw,88px)}
.closing{padding-block:clamp(72px,11vw,168px)}

/* --- the essay --- */
.essay{max-width:40rem;font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.78}
.essay p+p{margin-top:1.45em}
.essay .lift{
  font-size:clamp(1.3125rem,1.1rem + .9vw,1.625rem);line-height:1.46;
  font-weight:300;letter-spacing:-.011em;
}
.pull{
  margin-top:clamp(44px,6vw,80px);padding-top:clamp(28px,3.4vw,40px);
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule);max-width:36rem;
  font-family:var(--serif);font-variation-settings:"opsz" 40;font-weight:300;
  font-size:clamp(1.5rem,1.15rem + 1.5vw,2.125rem);line-height:1.28;letter-spacing:-.017em;
}

/* --- article body --- */
.essay .sub{
  font-family:var(--serif);font-variation-settings:"opsz" 32;
  font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(1.25rem,1.1rem + .6vw,1.5rem);
  line-height:1.28;letter-spacing:-.012em;
  margin-top:clamp(38px,4.4vw,58px);margin-bottom:.5em;
}
.essay .sub + p{margin-top:0}
.essay h3{
  font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:500;font-size:1.1875rem;
  margin-top:2em;margin-bottom:.4em;
}
.bullets{margin-top:1.2em;padding-left:0}
.bullets li{
  position:relative;padding-left:22px;margin-bottom:.55em;
  color:var(--ink-2);font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.62;max-width:38rem;
}
.bullets li::before{
  content:"";position:absolute;left:0;top:.62em;width:7px;height:7px;
  border-radius:50%;border:1.5px solid var(--accent);
}
.posted{
  margin-top:16px;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.9375rem;color:var(--ink-2);
}

/* --- the eight, as a quiet ruled list --- */
.list{border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}
.list li{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,20rem) minmax(0,1fr);
  gap:6px clamp(24px,4vw,64px);align-items:baseline;
  padding-block:clamp(20px,2.4vw,28px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);
}
.list h3{
  font-family:var(--serif);font-variation-settings:"opsz" 24;
  font-weight:400;font-size:1.1875rem;letter-spacing:-.006em;
}
.list p{color:var(--ink-2);font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.62;max-width:40rem}

/* --- three ways --- */
.ways{display:grid;gap:clamp(40px,5vw,72px)}
.way{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,20rem) minmax(0,1fr);
  gap:14px clamp(24px,4vw,64px);align-items:start;
  padding-top:clamp(28px,3.4vw,40px);border-top:1px solid var(--rule);
}
.way h3{
  font-family:var(--serif);font-variation-settings:"opsz" 32;
  font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(1.375rem,1.15rem + .9vw,1.75rem);
  line-height:1.22;letter-spacing:-.012em;
}
.way__body{max-width:40rem}
.way__body p{color:var(--ink-2)}
.way__body p+p{margin-top:.9em}
.way__more{display:inline-block;margin-top:18px}

/* --- typographic covers ---
   Built from each piece's own words. Inline SVG so it inherits the page's
   serif; a linked SVG cannot load webfonts and would fall back to Georgia. */
.cover{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
.cover__bg{fill:var(--paper-2)}
.cover__edge{fill:none;stroke:var(--rule);stroke-width:1}
.cover__label{
  font-family:var(--sans);font-size:20px;font-weight:500;
  letter-spacing:3.2px;fill:var(--ink-3);
}
.cover__line{
  font-family:var(--serif);font-size:62px;font-weight:300;
  letter-spacing:-1.2px;fill:var(--ink);
}
.cover__date{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:18px;letter-spacing:2px;fill:var(--ink-3)}
.cover__mark .cover__ink{fill:none;stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:2}
.cover__mark .cover__fill{fill:var(--accent);stroke:none}
/* On the tinted band the cover would vanish, so it takes the paper instead. */
.band--tint .cover__bg{fill:var(--paper)}
.cover__frame{margin:clamp(32px,4.5vw,56px) 0 0;max-width:40rem}

/* --- writing --- */
.writing{border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}
.writing a{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:8px 32px;align-items:baseline;
  padding-block:clamp(22px,2.6vw,32px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);text-decoration:none;
  transition:opacity .18s ease;
}
/* Rows carrying a cover: thumbnail, title, meta. */
.writing .writing__row{
  grid-template-columns:9.5rem minmax(0,1fr) auto;
  gap:6px clamp(20px,2.6vw,32px);align-items:center;
}
.writing__cover{display:block;align-self:center}
.cover--glyph .cover__mark{stroke-width:2.6}
.cover--glyph .cover__ink{stroke-width:2.6}
.writing a:hover .cover__edge{stroke:var(--ink-3)}
@media(max-width:700px){
  .writing .writing__row{grid-template-columns:5rem minmax(0,1fr);align-items:start;gap:4px 16px}
  .writing .writing__row .meta{grid-column:2}
  /* The base rule keeps meta on one line, which is right beside a full-width
     title. Next to a fixed-width thumbnail it is what pushes the row past the
     viewport, so let it wrap here.
     Three classes deliberately: `.writing .meta` is declared later in this file
     at equal specificity, so a two-class selector here loses and the row keeps
     overflowing with nothing visibly hanging off the edge. */
  .writing .writing__row .meta{white-space:normal}
}
.writing h3{
  font-family:var(--serif);font-variation-settings:"opsz" 28;
  font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(1.1875rem,1.1rem + .5vw,1.4375rem);
  line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-.01em;max-width:34rem;
  transition:color .18s ease;
}
.writing a:hover h3{color:var(--accent)}
.writing .meta{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.8125rem;color:var(--ink-3);white-space:nowrap}
.writing__more{margin-top:clamp(30px,3.6vw,44px)}

/* the Intensive's three questions */
.qs{margin-top:22px;border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}
.qs li{
  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding-block:11px;
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:.9375rem;color:var(--ink-2);
}
.qs li::before{content:"";width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;border:1.5px solid var(--accent);flex:none}

/* --- about facts --- */
.facts{margin-top:clamp(34px,4vw,52px);border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}
.facts > div{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,10rem) minmax(0,1fr);
  gap:6px clamp(20px,3vw,40px);align-items:baseline;
  padding-block:clamp(16px,2vw,22px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);
}
.facts dt{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.8125rem;letter-spacing:.02em;color:var(--ink-3)}
.facts dd{margin:0;color:var(--ink-2);font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.62;max-width:38rem}
@media(max-width:900px){.facts > div{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:4px}}

/* --- questions --- */
.faq__item{padding-block:clamp(22px,2.6vw,30px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}
.faq__item:first-child{border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}
.faq__item h3{
  font-family:var(--serif);font-variation-settings:"opsz" 28;
  font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(1.125rem,1.05rem + .5vw,1.375rem);
  line-height:1.28;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin-bottom:10px;max-width:34rem;
}
.faq__item p{color:var(--ink-2);max-width:40rem;line-height:1.68}

/* --- letter --- */
.letter__grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:clamp(32px,5vw,80px);align-items:start}
.form{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;margin-top:26px}
.form input{
  flex:1 1 15rem;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.0625rem;padding:14px 16px;
  background:transparent;color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--ink-3);
}
.form input::placeholder{color:var(--ink-3)}
.form input:focus{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:2px;border-color:var(--ink)}
.form button{cursor:pointer}
.note{margin-top:16px;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.8125rem;color:var(--ink-3)}
.note[data-tone="bad"]{color:var(--accent)}
.note:focus{outline:none}
/* The Turnstile widget is invisible with interaction-only, but it still takes a
   line in the flex row and would otherwise push the button onto its own. */
.form .cf-turnstile:empty{display:none}
.form button[disabled]{opacity:.55;cursor:progress}

/* --- enquiry form --- */
.enquiry{max-width:34rem}
.field+.field{margin-top:clamp(18px,2.2vw,26px)}
.field label{
  display:block;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.8125rem;letter-spacing:.02em;
  color:var(--ink-3);margin-bottom:8px;
}
.field .opt{text-transform:none;letter-spacing:0;color:var(--ink-3);opacity:.75}
.enquiry input,.enquiry select,.enquiry textarea{
  width:100%;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.5;
  padding:13px 15px;background:transparent;color:var(--ink);
  border:1px solid var(--ink-3);border-radius:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;
}
.enquiry select{
  background-image:linear-gradient(45deg,transparent 50%,var(--ink-2) 50%),
                   linear-gradient(135deg,var(--ink-2) 50%,transparent 50%);
  background-position:calc(100% - 19px) 50%,calc(100% - 13px) 50%;
  background-size:6px 6px,6px 6px;background-repeat:no-repeat;padding-right:40px;
}
.enquiry textarea{resize:vertical;min-height:9rem}
.enquiry input:focus,.enquiry select:focus,.enquiry textarea:focus{
  outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:2px;border-color:var(--ink);
}
/* The honeypot. Off-screen rather than display:none, which some bots skip. */
.trap{position:absolute;left:-9999px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}
.actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px 22px;align-items:center;margin-top:clamp(24px,3vw,34px)}
/* A class selector outranks the browser's own [hidden]{display:none}, so hiding
   the row after a successful send needs saying explicitly. Without this the
   Send button sits there afterwards looking like it still does something. */
.actions[hidden]{display:none}
.actions button[disabled]{opacity:.55;cursor:progress}
.status{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.875rem;color:var(--ink-2)}
.status[data-tone="bad"]{color:var(--accent)}
.sent{
  margin-top:clamp(20px,2.4vw,28px);padding-top:clamp(18px,2.2vw,24px);
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule);font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.7;color:var(--ink-2);
}
.sent:focus{outline:none}
.enquiry .note{margin-top:20px}

/* --- closing --- */
.closing{text-align:left}
.closing__h{
  font-size:clamp(2rem,1.4rem + 2.8vw,3.5rem);line-height:1.1;
  letter-spacing:-.02em;max-width:22ch;
}
.closing h2{max-width:20ch}
.closing .opening__act{margin-top:clamp(30px,3.6vw,42px)}

/* ============================================================
   FOOT
   ============================================================ */
.foot{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding-block:clamp(40px,5vw,64px) clamp(28px,3.4vw,40px)}
.foot__grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.6fr) repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:36px}
.foot__blurb{margin-top:16px;color:var(--ink-2);font-size:1rem;line-height:1.66;max-width:22rem}
.foot h2{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.75rem;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-3);margin-bottom:16px}
.foot li{padding-block:7px}
.foot li a{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.9375rem;color:var(--ink-2);text-decoration:none;transition:color .18s ease}
.foot li a:hover{color:var(--ink)}
.foot__bar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 32px;justify-content:space-between;margin-top:clamp(36px,4.4vw,56px);padding-top:22px;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.8125rem;color:var(--ink-3)}

/* ============================================================
   RESPONSIVE
   ============================================================ */
@media(max-width:900px){
  .list li,.way{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px}
  .letter__grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
  .foot__grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}
}
/* The hero holds its two columns through tablet. Stacking it at 900px left the
   portrait capped at 22rem with half the width empty beside it. */
@media(max-width:700px){
  .opening__grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:clamp(36px,6vw,56px)}
  .portrait{max-width:22rem}
}
@media(max-width:560px){
  body{font-size:1.125rem}
  .writing a{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
  .foot__grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
  /* Insights and The Premise are jumps into homepage sections rather than
     destinations. Dropping them here keeps the nav to a single row and gives
     the headline back the top of the screen. Both remain in the footer. */
  .masthead{padding-block:18px}
  .nav{gap:0 20px}
  .nav .nav__jump{display:none}
}

/* Touch targets, 44px minimum. Standalone links are padded out; the ones that
   carry a rule underneath get their hit area from an overlay instead, so the
   rule stays tight to the text. Links inline in a sentence are exempt. */
@media(pointer:coarse),(max-width:900px){
  .nav a{padding-block:10px}
  .wordmark{padding-block:4px}
  .foot li{padding-block:0}
  .foot li a{display:inline-block;padding-block:9px}
  .foot .wordmark{display:inline-block;padding-block:7px}
  .opening__act .textlink,.way__more,.writing__more,.essay p>.textlink:only-child{position:relative}
  .opening__act .textlink::after,.way__more::after,.writing__more::after,
  .essay p>.textlink:only-child::after{
    content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:50%;
    transform:translateY(-50%);height:44px;
  }
}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,*::before,*::after{transition-duration:.01ms!important}}